Business model: (1) single private operator; (2) dual private actor; (3) public ownership, private operation; (4) fully public operator
Business model typology
Fully private operation
Public ownership, private operation
Dual private actor
Dual private actor
Publication year of the procurement process
Year
2019
2024
2019
2025
Institution responsible for issuing the procurement process.
Issuing authority
São Paulo Transporte S/A
Urbanizadora Municipal S.A. (Urbam)
DTPM + Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications
DTPM + Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications
How the procurement defines or requires the inclusion of electric vehicles (e.g., percentage of total fleet, categories affected)
Electric requirement
#SP
—
#441
All vehicles must be electric
#203
—
#201
—
Warranty requirements for vehicles, batteries, or systems when disclosed.
Warranty requirements
#SP
Not publicly available
#441
Bid-defined warranty
#203
Not applicable (operation contract)
#201
Not applicable (operation contract)
Main source of CAPEX payment or revenue in the contractual arrangement.
CAPEX payment or revenue source
#SP
Private operator, but SPTrans subsidizes a percentage equivalent to the difference in value between a diesel bus and an electric bus.
#441
Public remuneration per: vehicle leasing; vehicle maintenance
#203
Public remuneration per: kilometer travelled; passenger transported. If needed, additional remuneration for terminal improvements and additional charging infrastructure
#201
System-financed through fleet provision contract
CAPEX payment or revenue values and units disclosed in the procurement.
CAPEX payment or revenue values
#SP
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 9.1% on invested capital*
#441
Monthly rental cost per vehicle: Category A – BRL 31,874.52 (≈ USD 5,897.02); Category B – BRL 37,657.45 (≈ USD 6,966.90); Category C – BRL 56,018.98 (≈ USD 10,363.91). (Exchange rate as of 01 Oct 2025)
#203
Not publicly available
#201
Not publicly available
How residual value risk of assets is allocated among stakeholders.
Asset residual value risk allocation*
#SP
Private fleet provider (inferred)
#441
Leasing company (inferred)
#203
Private fleet provider (inferred)
#201
Private fleet provider (inferred)
How battery degradation risk is allocated among stakeholders.
Battery degradation risk allocation*
#SP
Private fleet provider (inferred)
#441
Leasing company (inferred)
#203
Private fleet provider (inferred)
#201
Private fleet provider (inferred)
Primary source of financing for the fleet or infrastructure investments.
Source of financing*
#SP
Shared (private and public)
#441
Public authority (inferred)
#203
Operator (inferred)
#201
Operator (inferred)
Currency denomination and risk-sharing structure for payments or contracts.
Currency exposure structure*
#SP
Not specified (likely local currency – R$/BRL)
#441
Not publicly available
#203
Mixed currency structure (CLP, UF and USD allowed with conversion mechanisms)
How the procurement defines or requires the inclusion of electric vehicles (e.g., percentage of total fleet, categories affected)
Electric requirement
—
All vehicles must be electric
—
—
Warranty requirements for vehicles, batteries, or systems when disclosed.
Warranty requirements
Not publicly available
Bid-defined warranty
Not applicable (operation contract)
Not applicable (operation contract)
Main source of CAPEX payment or revenue in the contractual arrangement.
CAPEX payment or revenue source
Private operator, but SPTrans subsidizes a percentage equivalent to the difference in value between a diesel bus and an electric bus.
Public remuneration per: vehicle leasing; vehicle maintenance
Public remuneration per: kilometer travelled; passenger transported. If needed, additional remuneration for terminal improvements and additional charging infrastructure
System-financed through fleet provision contract
CAPEX payment or revenue values and units disclosed in the procurement.
CAPEX payment or revenue values
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 9.1% on invested capital*
Monthly rental cost per vehicle: Category A – BRL 31,874.52 (≈ USD 5,897.02); Category B – BRL 37,657.45 (≈ USD 6,966.90); Category C – BRL 56,018.98 (≈ USD 10,363.91). (Exchange rate as of 01 Oct 2025)
Not publicly available
Not publicly available
How residual value risk of assets is allocated among stakeholders.
Asset residual value risk allocation*
Private fleet provider (inferred)
Leasing company (inferred)
Private fleet provider (inferred)
Private fleet provider (inferred)
How battery degradation risk is allocated among stakeholders.
Battery degradation risk allocation*
Private fleet provider (inferred)
Leasing company (inferred)
Private fleet provider (inferred)
Private fleet provider (inferred)
Primary source of financing for the fleet or infrastructure investments.
Source of financing*
Shared (private and public)
Public authority (inferred)
Operator (inferred)
Operator (inferred)
Currency denomination and risk-sharing structure for payments or contracts.
Currency exposure structure*
Not specified (likely local currency – R$/BRL)
Not publicly available
Mixed currency structure (CLP, UF and USD allowed with conversion mechanisms)
Not publicly available
OPEX & Operational Structure
Country name
Country
#SP
Brazil
#441
Brazil
#203
Chile
#201
Chile
City or metropolitan region where the procurement process applies.
City / Region
#SP
São Paulo
#441
São José dos Campos
#203
Santiago
#201
Santiago
Main source of OPEX payment or revenue in the contractual arrangement.
OPEX payment or revenue source
#SP
Public payment (gross cost contract – operator paid per km, revenue centrally collected)
#441
Public remuneration per: vehicle maintenance
#203
Payment per km operated (system)
#201
Payment per km operated (system)
OPEX payment or revenue values and units disclosed in the procurement.
OPEX payment or revenue values
#SP
Defined as R$/km (remuneration fare), periodically adjusted; varies by fleet type and cost structure
#441
Monthly maintenance cost per vehicle: Category A – BRL 4,462.43 (≈ USD 825.58); Category B – BRL 4,895.47 (≈ USD 905.70); Category C – BRL 6,722.28 (≈ USD 1,243.67). (Exchange rate as of 01 Oct 2025)
#203
Maximum reference remuneration of CLP 1,260 per km (diesel) and CLP 950 per km (electric); CLP 150 per passenger
#201
Maximum reference remuneration of CLP 2,350 (≈ USD 2.47, as of 01 Oct 2025) per km operated by diesel buses and CLP 1,850 (≈ USD 1.94) per km by electric buses; fixed remuneration of CLP 200 (≈ USD 0.21) per passenger transported
Requirement for air conditioning in the vehicles, if specified
Air conditioning requirement
#SP
Required (inferred)
#441
Required
#203
Not required
#201
Required for new buses
Minimum technical requirements for batteries and charging systems: autonomy, charging time, and charging type (slow, opportunity)
Battery charging specifications
#SP
Not publicly available
#441
Minimum autonomy of 220 kilometers for Category A, 210 kilometers for Category B, and 200 kilometers for Category C vehicles
#203
Unspecified; specifications defined in fleet provision procurement
#201
200 km / 50 km; 3h / 9 min
How energy price risk is allocated among stakeholders.
Energy price risk allocation*
#SP
Operator bears energy price risk (inferred)
#441
Not publicly available
#203
Operator bears energy price risk (not explicitly specified; inferred from model structure)
#201
Operator bears energy price risk (not explicitly specified; inferred from model structure)
Charging model adopted in the procurement (e.g., depot charging, opportunity charging).
Charging model type*
#SP
Energy-as-a-service model: a private provider installs and operates charging infrastructure in operator depots, with service payments structured under public financing mechanisms.
#441
Not publicly available
#203
Operator / supplier-led charging model (infrastructure proposed by bidders and installed in public terminals; compensated via dedicated payment component)
#201
Fleet provider-led charging model (infrastructure installed by fleet provider; system may finance upgrades)
City or metropolitan region where the procurement process applies.
City / Region
São Paulo
São José dos Campos
Santiago
Santiago
Main source of OPEX payment or revenue in the contractual arrangement.
OPEX payment or revenue source
Public payment (gross cost contract – operator paid per km, revenue centrally collected)
Public remuneration per: vehicle maintenance
Payment per km operated (system)
Payment per km operated (system)
OPEX payment or revenue values and units disclosed in the procurement.
OPEX payment or revenue values
Defined as R$/km (remuneration fare), periodically adjusted; varies by fleet type and cost structure
Monthly maintenance cost per vehicle: Category A – BRL 4,462.43 (≈ USD 825.58); Category B – BRL 4,895.47 (≈ USD 905.70); Category C – BRL 6,722.28 (≈ USD 1,243.67). (Exchange rate as of 01 Oct 2025)
Maximum reference remuneration of CLP 1,260 per km (diesel) and CLP 950 per km (electric); CLP 150 per passenger
Maximum reference remuneration of CLP 2,350 (≈ USD 2.47, as of 01 Oct 2025) per km operated by diesel buses and CLP 1,850 (≈ USD 1.94) per km by electric buses; fixed remuneration of CLP 200 (≈ USD 0.21) per passenger transported
Requirement for air conditioning in the vehicles, if specified
Air conditioning requirement
Required (inferred)
Required
Not required
Required for new buses
Minimum technical requirements for batteries and charging systems: autonomy, charging time, and charging type (slow, opportunity)
Battery charging specifications
Not publicly available
Minimum autonomy of 220 kilometers for Category A, 210 kilometers for Category B, and 200 kilometers for Category C vehicles
Unspecified; specifications defined in fleet provision procurement
200 km / 50 km; 3h / 9 min
How energy price risk is allocated among stakeholders.
Energy price risk allocation*
Operator bears energy price risk (inferred)
Not publicly available
Operator bears energy price risk (not explicitly specified; inferred from model structure)
Operator bears energy price risk (not explicitly specified; inferred from model structure)
Charging model adopted in the procurement (e.g., depot charging, opportunity charging).
Charging model type*
Energy-as-a-service model: a private provider installs and operates charging infrastructure in operator depots, with service payments structured under public financing mechanisms.
Not publicly available
Operator / supplier-led charging model (infrastructure proposed by bidders and installed in public terminals; compensated via dedicated payment component)
Fleet provider-led charging model (infrastructure installed by fleet provider; system may finance upgrades)