Business model: (1) single private operator; (2) dual private actor; (3) public ownership, private operation; (4) fully public operator
Business model typology
Fully private operation
Fully public operator
Public ownership, private operation
Dual private actor
Publication year of the procurement process
Year
2019
2025
2024
2023
Institution responsible for issuing the procurement process.
Issuing authority
São Paulo Transporte S/A
Red de Transporte de Pasajeros (RTP)
Urbanizadora Municipal S.A. (Urbam)
DTPM + Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications
How the procurement defines or requires the inclusion of electric vehicles (e.g., percentage of total fleet, categories affected)
Electric requirement
—
—
All vehicles must be electric
—
Warranty requirements for vehicles, batteries, or systems when disclosed.
Warranty requirements
Not publicly available
2 years / 150,000 km (vehicle); 8 years / 800,000 km (battery)
Bid-defined warranty
Not applicable (operation contract)
Main source of CAPEX payment or revenue in the contractual arrangement.
CAPEX payment or revenue source
Private operator, but SPTrans subsidizes a percentage equivalent to the difference in value between a diesel bus and an electric bus.
Public budget (government-funded procurement)
Public remuneration per: vehicle leasing; vehicle maintenance
Public remuneration structure; additional items may include vehicle acquisition, terminal improvements and charging infrastructure
CAPEX payment or revenue values and units disclosed in the procurement.
CAPEX payment or revenue values
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 9.1% on invested capital*
Not publicly available
Monthly rental cost per vehicle: Category A – BRL 31,874.52 (≈ USD 5,897.02); Category B – BRL 37,657.45 (≈ USD 6,966.90); Category C – BRL 56,018.98 (≈ USD 10,363.91). (Exchange rate as of 01 Oct 2025)
Not publicly available
How residual value risk of assets is allocated among stakeholders.
Asset residual value risk allocation*
Private fleet provider (inferred)
Public
Leasing company (inferred)
Private fleet provider (inferred)
How battery degradation risk is allocated among stakeholders.
Battery degradation risk allocation*
Private fleet provider (inferred)
Manufacturer / public authority (shared)
Leasing company (inferred)
Private fleet provider (inferred)
Primary source of financing for the fleet or infrastructure investments.
Source of financing*
Shared (private and public)
Public
Public authority (inferred)
Operator (inferred)
Currency denomination and risk-sharing structure for payments or contracts.
Currency exposure structure*
Not specified (likely local currency – R$/BRL)
Not specified (likely local currency – MXN)
Not publicly available
Not publicly available
OPEX & Operational Structure
Country name
Country
#SP
Brazil
#601
México
#441
Brazil
#202
Chile
City or metropolitan region where the procurement process applies.
City / Region
#SP
São Paulo
#601
Mexico City
#441
São José dos Campos
#202
Santiago
Main source of OPEX payment or revenue in the contractual arrangement.
OPEX payment or revenue source
#SP
Public payment (gross cost contract – operator paid per km, revenue centrally collected)
#601
Public remuneration per: vehicle acquisition; charging infrastructure acquisiton
#441
Public remuneration per: vehicle maintenance
#202
Payment per km operated (system)
OPEX payment or revenue values and units disclosed in the procurement.
OPEX payment or revenue values
#SP
Defined as R$/km (remuneration fare), periodically adjusted; varies by fleet type and cost structure
#601
Unspecified; defined by bidders as part of their economic proposal; final cost of procurement not yet disclosed
#441
Monthly maintenance cost per vehicle: Category A – BRL 4,462.43 (≈ USD 825.58); Category B – BRL 4,895.47 (≈ USD 905.70); Category C – BRL 6,722.28 (≈ USD 1,243.67). (Exchange rate as of 01 Oct 2025)
#202
Maximum reference remuneration of CLP 2,550 (≈ USD 2.68, as of 01 Oct 2025) per km operated by diesel buses and CLP 1,530 (≈1.61 USD ) per km by electric buses; fixed remuneration of CLP 150 (≈ USD 0.16) per passenger transported
Requirement for air conditioning in the vehicles, if specified
Air conditioning requirement
#SP
Required (inferred)
#601
Not required
#441
Required
#202
Required for new buses
Minimum technical requirements for batteries and charging systems: autonomy, charging time, and charging type (slow, opportunity)
Battery charging specifications
#SP
Not publicly available
#601
Minimum autonomy of 300 km
#441
Minimum autonomy of 220 kilometers for Category A, 210 kilometers for Category B, and 200 kilometers for Category C vehicles
#202
200 km (slow) / 50 km (opportunity); 5h (slow) / 9 min (opportunity)
How energy price risk is allocated among stakeholders.
Energy price risk allocation*
#SP
Operator bears energy price risk (inferred)
#601
Public authority (as operator and energy purchaser)
#441
Not publicly available
#202
Operator bears energy price risk (not explicitly specified; inferred from model structure)
Charging model adopted in the procurement (e.g., depot charging, opportunity charging).
Charging model type*
#SP
Energy-as-a-service model: a private provider installs and operates charging infrastructure in operator depots, with service payments structured under public financing mechanisms.
#601
Not publicly disclosed
#441
Not publicly available
#202
Fleet provider-led charging model (infrastructure installed by fleet provider; system may finance upgrades)
City or metropolitan region where the procurement process applies.
City / Region
São Paulo
Mexico City
São José dos Campos
Santiago
Main source of OPEX payment or revenue in the contractual arrangement.
OPEX payment or revenue source
Public payment (gross cost contract – operator paid per km, revenue centrally collected)
Public remuneration per: vehicle acquisition; charging infrastructure acquisiton
Public remuneration per: vehicle maintenance
Payment per km operated (system)
OPEX payment or revenue values and units disclosed in the procurement.
OPEX payment or revenue values
Defined as R$/km (remuneration fare), periodically adjusted; varies by fleet type and cost structure
Unspecified; defined by bidders as part of their economic proposal; final cost of procurement not yet disclosed
Monthly maintenance cost per vehicle: Category A – BRL 4,462.43 (≈ USD 825.58); Category B – BRL 4,895.47 (≈ USD 905.70); Category C – BRL 6,722.28 (≈ USD 1,243.67). (Exchange rate as of 01 Oct 2025)
Maximum reference remuneration of CLP 2,550 (≈ USD 2.68, as of 01 Oct 2025) per km operated by diesel buses and CLP 1,530 (≈1.61 USD ) per km by electric buses; fixed remuneration of CLP 150 (≈ USD 0.16) per passenger transported
Requirement for air conditioning in the vehicles, if specified
Air conditioning requirement
Required (inferred)
Not required
Required
Required for new buses
Minimum technical requirements for batteries and charging systems: autonomy, charging time, and charging type (slow, opportunity)
Battery charging specifications
Not publicly available
Minimum autonomy of 300 km
Minimum autonomy of 220 kilometers for Category A, 210 kilometers for Category B, and 200 kilometers for Category C vehicles
200 km (slow) / 50 km (opportunity); 5h (slow) / 9 min (opportunity)
How energy price risk is allocated among stakeholders.
Energy price risk allocation*
Operator bears energy price risk (inferred)
Public authority (as operator and energy purchaser)
Not publicly available
Operator bears energy price risk (not explicitly specified; inferred from model structure)
Charging model adopted in the procurement (e.g., depot charging, opportunity charging).
Charging model type*
Energy-as-a-service model: a private provider installs and operates charging infrastructure in operator depots, with service payments structured under public financing mechanisms.
Not publicly disclosed
Not publicly available
Fleet provider-led charging model (infrastructure installed by fleet provider; system may finance upgrades)