Business model: (1) single private operator; (2) dual private actor; (3) public ownership, private operation; (4) fully public operator
Business model typology
Fully private operation
Fully public operator
Fully public operator
Dual private actor
Publication year of the procurement process
Year
2019
2025
2025
2025
Institution responsible for issuing the procurement process.
Issuing authority
São Paulo Transporte S/A
Servicio de Transportes Eléctricos (STE)
Red de Transporte de Pasajeros (RTP)
DTPM + Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications
City or metropolitan region where the procurement process applies.
City / Region
São Paulo
Mexico City
Mexico City
Santiago
Minimum fleet size and key vehicle specification requirements described in the procurement.
Minimum fleet size specifications
Not publicly available
19 vehicles: 12m, >85 passengers
10 vehicles
3 size categories (8–11m; 11–14m; 14–18m)
How the procurement defines or requires the inclusion of electric vehicles (e.g., percentage of total fleet, categories affected)
Electric requirement
—
—
—
—
Warranty requirements for vehicles, batteries, or systems when disclosed.
Warranty requirements
Not publicly available
1 year for vehicle; 8 years for battery; other components vary
2 years / 150,000 km (vehicle); 8 years / 800,000 km (battery)
Not applicable (operation contract)
Main source of CAPEX payment or revenue in the contractual arrangement.
CAPEX payment or revenue source
Private operator, but SPTrans subsidizes a percentage equivalent to the difference in value between a diesel bus and an electric bus.
Public budget (government-funded procurement)
Public budget (government-funded procurement)
System-financed through fleet provision contract
CAPEX payment or revenue values and units disclosed in the procurement.
CAPEX payment or revenue values
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 9.1% on invested capital*
Not publicly available
Not publicly available
Not publicly available
How residual value risk of assets is allocated among stakeholders.
Asset residual value risk allocation*
Private fleet provider (inferred)
Public
Public
Private fleet provider (inferred)
How battery degradation risk is allocated among stakeholders.
Battery degradation risk allocation*
Private fleet provider (inferred)
Manufacturer / public authority (shared)
Manufacturer / public authority (shared)
Private fleet provider (inferred)
Primary source of financing for the fleet or infrastructure investments.
Source of financing*
Shared (private and public)
Public
Public
Operator (inferred)
Currency denomination and risk-sharing structure for payments or contracts.
Currency exposure structure*
Not specified (likely local currency – R$/BRL)
Not specified (likely local currency – MXN)
Not specified (likely local currency – MXN)
Not publicly available
OPEX & Operational Structure
Country name
Country
#SP
Brazil
#603
México
#601
México
#201
Chile
City or metropolitan region where the procurement process applies.
City / Region
#SP
São Paulo
#603
Mexico City
#601
Mexico City
#201
Santiago
Main source of OPEX payment or revenue in the contractual arrangement.
OPEX payment or revenue source
#SP
Public payment (gross cost contract – operator paid per km, revenue centrally collected)
#603
Public remuneration per: vehicle acquisition
#601
Public remuneration per: vehicle acquisition; charging infrastructure acquisiton
#201
Payment per km operated (system)
OPEX payment or revenue values and units disclosed in the procurement.
OPEX payment or revenue values
#SP
Defined as R$/km (remuneration fare), periodically adjusted; varies by fleet type and cost structure
#603
Unspecified; defined by bidders as part of their economic proposal; final cost of procurement not yet disclosed
#601
Unspecified; defined by bidders as part of their economic proposal; final cost of procurement not yet disclosed
#201
Maximum reference remuneration of CLP 2,350 (≈ USD 2.47, as of 01 Oct 2025) per km operated by diesel buses and CLP 1,850 (≈ USD 1.94) per km by electric buses; fixed remuneration of CLP 200 (≈ USD 0.21) per passenger transported
Requirement for air conditioning in the vehicles, if specified
Air conditioning requirement
#SP
Required (inferred)
#603
Not required
#601
Not required
#201
Required for new buses
Minimum technical requirements for batteries and charging systems: autonomy, charging time, and charging type (slow, opportunity)
Battery charging specifications
#SP
Not publicly available
#603
Minimum autonomy of 70 kilometers
#601
Minimum autonomy of 300 km
#201
200 km / 50 km; 3h / 9 min
How energy price risk is allocated among stakeholders.
Energy price risk allocation*
#SP
Operator bears energy price risk (inferred)
#603
Public authority (as operator and energy purchaser)
#601
Public authority (as operator and energy purchaser)
#201
Operator bears energy price risk (not explicitly specified; inferred from model structure)
Charging model adopted in the procurement (e.g., depot charging, opportunity charging).
Charging model type*
#SP
Energy-as-a-service model: a private provider installs and operates charging infrastructure in operator depots, with service payments structured under public financing mechanisms.
#603
Not publicly disclosed
#601
Not publicly disclosed
#201
Fleet provider-led charging model (infrastructure installed by fleet provider; system may finance upgrades)
City or metropolitan region where the procurement process applies.
City / Region
São Paulo
Mexico City
Mexico City
Santiago
Main source of OPEX payment or revenue in the contractual arrangement.
OPEX payment or revenue source
Public payment (gross cost contract – operator paid per km, revenue centrally collected)
Public remuneration per: vehicle acquisition
Public remuneration per: vehicle acquisition; charging infrastructure acquisiton
Payment per km operated (system)
OPEX payment or revenue values and units disclosed in the procurement.
OPEX payment or revenue values
Defined as R$/km (remuneration fare), periodically adjusted; varies by fleet type and cost structure
Unspecified; defined by bidders as part of their economic proposal; final cost of procurement not yet disclosed
Unspecified; defined by bidders as part of their economic proposal; final cost of procurement not yet disclosed
Maximum reference remuneration of CLP 2,350 (≈ USD 2.47, as of 01 Oct 2025) per km operated by diesel buses and CLP 1,850 (≈ USD 1.94) per km by electric buses; fixed remuneration of CLP 200 (≈ USD 0.21) per passenger transported
Requirement for air conditioning in the vehicles, if specified
Air conditioning requirement
Required (inferred)
Not required
Not required
Required for new buses
Minimum technical requirements for batteries and charging systems: autonomy, charging time, and charging type (slow, opportunity)
Battery charging specifications
Not publicly available
Minimum autonomy of 70 kilometers
Minimum autonomy of 300 km
200 km / 50 km; 3h / 9 min
How energy price risk is allocated among stakeholders.
Energy price risk allocation*
Operator bears energy price risk (inferred)
Public authority (as operator and energy purchaser)
Public authority (as operator and energy purchaser)
Operator bears energy price risk (not explicitly specified; inferred from model structure)
Charging model adopted in the procurement (e.g., depot charging, opportunity charging).
Charging model type*
Energy-as-a-service model: a private provider installs and operates charging infrastructure in operator depots, with service payments structured under public financing mechanisms.
Not publicly disclosed
Not publicly disclosed
Fleet provider-led charging model (infrastructure installed by fleet provider; system may finance upgrades)